{"id":30,"date":"2025-03-04T09:00:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T09:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/politicaindustrialupm.es\/?page_id=30"},"modified":"2025-03-24T17:50:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T17:50:46","slug":"una-propuesta-para-la-reindustrializacion","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/politicaindustrialupm.es\/en\/una-propuesta-para-la-reindustrializacion\/","title":{"rendered":"A PROPOSAL FOR THE REINDUSTRIALISATION OF SPAIN"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"30\" class=\"elementor elementor-30\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14d29832 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"14d29832\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c73d1d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6c73d1d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a189540 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a189540\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A PROPOSAL FOR THE REINDUSTRIALISATION OF SPAIN<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56d5fd36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"56d5fd36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59690869 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"59690869\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6664cb2b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6664cb2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fdcc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9fdcc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78a5a758 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"78a5a758\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e300eaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e300eaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe experience of the 1980s and 1990s suggests that public policy should anticipate any economic restructuring, to avoid making it more costly and difficult than necessary. It should also take a proactive stance in order to ensure the success of the objectives pursued. There are successful proactive experiences in the recent past, such as the switch to natural gas or the development of broadband infrastructures to facilitate digitalisation. But the transitions that are already on the horizon are on a larger scale.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34659c4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"34659c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f0c859 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f0c859\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOn this basis, the Chair in Industrial Policy proposes the definition of an industrial strategy to implement a Reindustrialisation Plan based on the following principles:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bc4697e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7bc4697e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f44d46f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f44d46f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51328670 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51328670\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stability<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2133d5ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2133d5ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEconomic and regulatory stability to encourage industrial and business investment\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4855aff2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4855aff2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f899390 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f899390\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ideas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d9d91c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d9d91c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSupport for innovation and idea generation\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d37025c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d37025c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11214441 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11214441\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Human capital<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69fffa66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69fffa66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCommitment to human capital and its training in the main skills demanded by the industry today.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcc78fd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bcc78fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4753c1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4753c1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Infrastructure<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cba52f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3cba52f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tImproving public infrastructure necessary for the development of economic activity.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45880982 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"45880982\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e13c73c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e13c73c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-244460ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"244460ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe appropriate development of these principles should lead to an improvement in industrial productivity and, consequently, in the country's economic growth. To this end, it must be borne in mind that improving the conditions for developing the best industrial strategy does not depend exclusively on the ministry that holds these competencies, as there are other factors such as infrastructure, technology and innovation and the development of people's skills, which are currently the responsibility of other ministries, or even other administrations due to the decentralisation of competencies. It is therefore necessary to draw up a government framework plan aimed at the reindustrialisation of the business fabric, addressing all the necessary aspects for this purpose, and not only the Ministry of Industry, although the latter has the leading role and a coordinating role for those critical elements.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47c559a4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47c559a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30da5864 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"30da5864\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3101795 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3101795\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd28926 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd28926\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a020ff1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a020ff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18f6457 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18f6457\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3f9c1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3f9c1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSeveral ministries should be coordinated and contribute to the Plan: Economy (enabling digital transformation and SME financing); Science and Innovation (supporting the development of new products and processes); Labour (facilitating issues such as dual training); and Universities (for the necessary orientation towards market needs and fundamentally STEM programmes).<br><br>\nA first draft of the Plan would have to come from the Spanish Government, led by the Ministry of Industry, with a significant degree of concreteness, and should be the basis for the discussions and consensus proposed later on. Otherwise, the process of designing the Plan could be long and tedious. For its preparation, a prior \"benchmark\" should be made with other countries, for which the comparison with countries such as Germany, South Korea or the USA, the latter in recent years, is significant.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45490c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"45490c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8ea9c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b8ea9c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f0f7f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f0f7f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Plan should be agreed with the Autonomous Communities, which have broad powers in matters of industrial policy. Part of the success of this Plan will depend on the degree of coordination between the different administrations. There are good examples of this type of coordination in Europe, as is the case in Germany between the federal government and the Lander, or even in Spain in the management of European funds.\n<br><br>The Plan must also be agreed with the social partners (employers and trade unions), as they will be the main actors alongside the central government and the Autonomous Communities. Without a broad consensus with these agents, it will be difficult to implement it effectively.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-410abd2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"410abd2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17eb207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"17eb207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f514d47 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f514d47\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b06c9d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b06c9d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e78d44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e78d44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLastly, and also very important, an educational effort must be made to explain to society, and especially to Spanish businessmen, the importance of manufacturing industry for the development of any country. There are examples close to home, such as Germany, and further afield, such as South Korea, a country similar in size to Spain, which has successfully developed its industry.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3979926 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3979926\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a52a420 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a52a420\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4430603 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4430603\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a26fdb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5a26fdb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9c1ad3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9c1ad3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this context, Spain should design its Reindustrialisation Plan based on current growth vectors, and reinforced with intangible assets such as talent, R&amp;D and innovation, which would allow defining \"who\" and \"how\" the protagonists of such a plan will be.<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If we think of \"who\", horizontal or cross-cutting policies have to be aware of their different effects depending on the sector of activity of the economy.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If we think about \"how\" we should design instruments or institutions that facilitate the industrial sectors and companies to make the best use or mix of industrial inputs to achieve the most optimal and competitive product in the markets.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, the \"where\" should also be considered, as it is well known that productive efficiency is also conditioned by the location of production plants, which tend to be installed where they can benefit from the best mix of productive factors.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4017bdb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4017bdb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cbfce3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3cbfce3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTherefore, and following the proper design of an industrial strategy:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14b45e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"14b45e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48217e2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48217e2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f5831f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f5831f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDiscrimination should be made between sectors, technologies and skills where significant differentiation and competitive advantage can be achieved.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcafb6d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dcafb6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5f015f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5f015f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe public sector should share an acceptable level of risk with the private industrial sector in order to achieve the necessary investments to achieve increasing returns and productivity improvements.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-809c654 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"809c654\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be647ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be647ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCross-cutting policies should be coordinated with other ministerial departments or administrations to align them with the objectives of this strategy.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d296785 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d296785\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-301342c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"301342c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA long-term approach should be taken, accepting that industrial policy interventions need to be implemented consistently over a long period of time before they bear fruit.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92fd844 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"92fd844\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0b34b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0b34b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe strategic sectoral approach should aim at economic growth and productivity improvement, and in this line of work the following is proposed:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fde52c3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fde52c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0d49cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f0d49cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f11d14e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f11d14e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrioritise industrial sectors with recovery potential, where Spain is already present. These are typically medium productivity but labour-intensive sectors, important for aggregate productivity and growth because of their wages and living standards.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9e004b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d9e004b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-340eaf6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"340eaf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThere are also opportunities in sectors with higher productivity. It is logical for manufacturing industry to try to grow in sectors it already knows or which are close to those it knows, for the obvious reason that it needs to have prior know-how to tackle them. This is an analysis that should be carried out with the support of those responsible for the industries identified as developable, which could include the aeronautical and automotive components, food, energy, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, as well as certain types of capital goods and machinery.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a70fae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a70fae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebb8034 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ebb8034\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAddressing frontier and future industrial sectors in which the Spanish manufacturing sector is furthest away in terms of know-how, but which for strategic reasons should be there due to their high productivity and innovation. These are relevant sectors for driving the technological frontier in an advanced economy. Among these sectors could be explored: advanced electronic equipment, which would be an evolution of those already manufactured in Spain; mechatronics and robotics, as an evolution of the capital goods industry; biotechnology, as an evolution of the pharmaceutical and chemical sectors; digital equipment and networks, basic for the future development of almost any sector.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b38e46 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3b38e46\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106a4b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"106a4b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29b69dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29b69dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBut there is a common element to all of them: important simultaneous industrial investments by different actors are required to adapt and modernise sectors, to favour those that have competitive advantages today in order to maintain them in the future (e.g. the automotive industry and its components) and to focus on sectors of the future based on innovation and technology (e.g. semiconductors, as they have important spill-over effects for many other economic activities). The government can play an active and co-ordinating role in this. And the volume of investment in new production equipment and technology must be sufficiently large to improve productivity, achieve increasing returns at the micro and macro levels, and consequently increase competitiveness.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-440b01d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"440b01d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da63d35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"da63d35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Una propuesta por la reindustrializaci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a La experiencia de lo realizado en la d\u00e9cada de los 80s y 90s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"iawp_total_views":26,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-30","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - 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